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形容词英语是什么(英语语法简单学:形容词)

时间:2024-11-01 08:15:41人气:100

【本章纲要】



【本章内容】

一、定义

形容词描述性的词,它们在上下文中用来描述名词。形容词通常回答诸如“哪个”、“什么种类”、“多少”等问题。


二、功能

1、作定语

如:

The old man asked a question.
That is a
good book.

2、作同位语

一般成对使用,如:

The woman, beautiful and smart, knew what she was doing.
The winner,
tired but happy, waved and smiled.

3、作表语

如:

The tickets are expensive.
She looked
old.


三、排序

多个形容词同时修饰某个名词,其离所修饰的名词由远及近的先后顺序的排列规则如下:

a- 主观看法 (Lovely, beautiful, intelligent, nice, fine...)
b- 大小尺寸 (small, big, large, short, tall...)
c- 年龄新旧 (young, old...)
d- 形状外形 (round, slim, fat, square...)
e- 颜色 (white, green, red...)
f- 质地材料 (plastic, glass, wooden...)
g- 来源产地 (German, Russian, American...)

如:

a big square table
a lovely little town
an old plastic pipe
an expensive Scotch whiskey
a tall young woman
an Intelligent young Danish scientist


四、分词形容词

英语中有不少形容词是由动词的现在分词或过去分词转化而来的,如:

He is bored with his job.
He is
boring.


五、比较关系

当要对两个人或物进行比较时,会有同级比较、比较级和最高级三种情况。同级比较一般采用“as...as...”的结构,比较级采用“more...than...”的结构,最高级采用“the most...in/of/among...”的结构。

形容词的比较级一般在词尾加-er,最高级一般在词尾加-est。

如:

She is as tall as Jane.

She runs faster than Jane.

She is the best student in her class.

【注意】

英语中有一些形容词是没有比较级和最高级的,它们被称为绝对形容词(Absolute adjectives),比如:dead, complete, basic。